SUBJECT PRONOUN OR OBJECT PRONOUN?
Subject and object pronouns cannot be distinguished by their forms - who, which, that are used for subject and object pronouns. You can, however, distinguish them as follows:
If the relative pronoun is followed by a verb, the relative pronoun is a subject pronoun. Subject pronouns must always be used.
- The apple which is lying on the table
If the relative pronoun is not followed by a verb (but by a noun or pronoun), the relative pronoun is an object pronoun. Object pronouns can be dropped in defining relative clauses, which are then called Contact Clauses.
- The apple (which) George lay on the table
- The dress (which) Ann bought doesn't fit her very we'll.
- Is there anything (which) I can do ?
- Everything (that) he said was true.
The term was coined by Jespersen (1933:360).
"Relative clauses without any connecting word are here called contact clauses, because what characterizes them is the close contact in sound and sense between the clause and what precedes it: in sentences like "this is the boy we spoke of", and "he falls in love with all the girls he sees", the words "the boy" and "all the girls" are felt to be just as intimately connected with what follows as what precedes them." (Jespersen 1933:360)
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GRAMMAR III
CLASS 2E
Member :
1. Nia Kurniasih
2. Reni Apriyani
3. Yeni Dwi Sulistiowati
4. Yeni Fuji Astuti
Answer :
BAB IV
Page 31 Exercises 4.2
1. They gave us a lot of information, most of which was useless.
2. They were a lot of people at the party, I had met only a few of whom before.
3. I have sent him two letters, neither of whom has arrived.
4. Norman won ₤ 20.000, he gave half of which to his parents.
5. Ten people applied for the job, none of whom were suitable.
6. Tom made a number of suggestions, most of whom were very helpful.
Page 32 Exercises 4.3
1. This is a photograph of our friends, whom we went on holiday.
2. The wedding which only members of the family were invited took place last Friday.
3. I’ve just bought some books about astronomy, which very interested.
Page 33 Exercises 4.4
1. She couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity
2. Jill isn’t on the phone, which makes it difficult to contact her.
3. They said they didn’t have any money, which was perfectly true.
4. I haven’t got a passport, which mean I can’t leave the country.
5. We offered to let me stay in his house, who was very nice of him.
6. They didn’t thank us for the meal before they left, who I thought this way very rude of them.
7. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, which makes it difficult to sleep.
BAB V
Page 36 Exercises 5.1
1. no commas
2. My aunt puts milk, sugar, and lemon in her tea.
3. no commas
4. Tom made a sandwich, poured a glass of milk, and sat down to eat his lunch.
5. no commas
6. Cows, goats,and horses are farm animals.
7. Giraffes, anteaters, tigers, and kangaroos are wild animals.
8. no commas
9. The river is wide, deep, and dangerous.
10. no commas
Page 36 Exercises 5.2
1. so
2. but
3. and
4. and
5. but
6. but
7. so
8. or
9. so
10. so
Page 37 Exercises 5.3
1. for
2. but
3. and
4. so
5. for
6. or
7. but
8. and
9. but
10. so
11. for
12. so
13. or
14. and
15. and
16. but
17. for
18. so
19. but
20. so
21. and
22. or
23. and
24. so
25. but
26. or
GRAMMAR III
class 2E
Member :
Ajat Yunadi
Feby Kusuma Dewi
Hendriyono
Mega Budi Kartika
Nidia Rahmayani
Answer:
BAB 4: SUBJECT OR OBJECT PRONOUN?
4.2 In this exercises you have to make sentences with all of / most of etc. + whom/which
1. They gave us a lot of information. Most of it was useless.
Answer : They gave us a lot of information, most of which it was useless.
2. There were a lot of people at the party. I had met only a few of them before.
Answer : There were a lot of people at the party, I had met only a few of whom before.
3. I have sent him two letters. Neither of them has arrived.
Answer : I have sent him two letters, neither of whom has arrived.
4. Norman won £20.000. He gave half of it to his parents.
Answer : Norman won £20.000, he gave half of which to his parents.
5. Ten people applied for the job. None of them were suitable.
Answer : Ten people applied for the job, none of whom were suitable.
6. Tom made a number of suggestions. Most of them were very helpful.
Answer : Tom made a number of suggestions. Most of them were very helpful.
4.3 In this section of the exercise you have to write these sentences again, together with a relative clause. Use the sentences in brackets to make your relative clauses.
1. This is a photograph of our friends. (We went on holiday with them)
Answer : This is a photograph which we went on holiday with them of our friends.
2. The wedding took place last Friday. (Only members of the family)
Answer : The wedding which only members of the family took place last Friday.
3. I’ve just bought some books about astronomy. (I’m very interested in astronomy)
Answer : I am who very interested in astronomy have just bought some books about astronomy.
4.4 Now you have to complete these sentences with a relative clause. Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses.
1. She couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity.
2. Jill isn’t on the phone, which makes it difficult to contact her.
3. They said they didn’t have any money, which was perfectly true.
4. I haven’t got a passport, that means I can’t leave the country.
5. He offered to let me stay in his house, who was very nice of him.
6. They didn’t thank us for the meal before they left, which was very rude of them.
7. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, that makes it difficult to sleep.
BAB 5: COMBINING IDEA
5.1 Decide whether or not the sentences need a comma or commas.
1. My aunt puts milk and sugar in her tea. (no commas)
2. My aunt puts milk, sugar, and lemon in her tea.
3. Tom ate a sandwich and drank a glass of milk. (no commas)
4. Tom made a sandwich, poured a glass of milk, and sat down to eat his lunch.
5. Cats and dogs are animals. (no commas)
6. Cows, goats, and horses are farm animals.
7. Giraffes, anteaters, tigers, and kangaroos are wild animals.
8. The river is wide and deep. (no commas)
9. The river is wide, deep, and dangerous.
10. Doctors save lives and relieve suffering. (no commas)
5.2 Put an appropriate conjuction in the blanks. So, the sentences become meaningful.
1. So
2. But
3. Or
4. And
5. But
6. But
7. So
8. Or
9. So
10. So
5.3 Again put an appropriate conjuction in the blanks. So, the sentences become meaningful.
1. And
2. But
3. And
4. Or
5. But
6. Or
7. But
8. And
9. But
10. So
11. Or
12. So
13. Or
14. So
15. So
16. But
17. And
18. So
19. So
20. And
21. Or
22. And
23. So
24. Or
25. Or
CLASS 2E
member :
Ajat Yunadi
Feby Kusuma Dewi
Hendriyono
Meoga Budi Kartika
Nidia Rahmayani
Answer:
BAB 4: SUBJECT OR OBJECT PRONOUN?
4.2 In this exercises you have to make sentences with all of / most of etc. + whom/which
1. They gave us a lot of information. Most of it was useless.
Answer : They gave us a lot of information, most of which it was useless.
2. There were a lot of people at the party. I had met only a few of them before.
Answer : There were a lot of people at the party, I had met only a few of whom before.
3. I have sent him two letters. Neither of them has arrived.
Answer : I have sent him two letters, neither of whom has arrived.
4. Norman won £20.000. He gave half of it to his parents.
Answer : Norman won £20.000, he gave half of which to his parents.
5. Ten people applied for the job. None of them were suitable.
Answer : Ten people applied for the job, none of whom were suitable.
6. Tom made a number of suggestions. Most of them were very helpful.
Answer : Tom made a number of suggestions. Most of them were very helpful.
4.3 In this section of the exercise you have to write these sentences again, together with a relative clause. Use the sentences in brackets to make your relative clauses.
1. This is a photograph of our friends. (We went on holiday with them)
Answer : This is a photograph which we went on holiday with them of our friends.
2. The wedding took place last Friday. (Only members of the family)
Answer : The wedding which only members of the family took place last Friday.
3. I’ve just bought some books about astronomy. (I’m very interested in astronomy)
Answer : I am who very interested in astronomy have just bought some books about astronomy.
4.4 Now you have to complete these sentences with a relative clause. Use the sentences in the box to make your relative clauses.
1. She couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity.
2. Jill isn’t on the phone, which makes it difficult to contact her.
3. They said they didn’t have any money, which was perfectly true.
4. I haven’t got a passport, that means I can’t leave the country.
5. He offered to let me stay in his house, who was very nice of him.
6. They didn’t thank us for the meal before they left, which was very rude of them.
7. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, that makes it difficult to sleep.
BAB 5: COMBINING IDEA
5.1 Decide whether or not the sentences need a comma or commas.
1. My aunt puts milk and sugar in her tea. (no commas)
2. My aunt puts milk, sugar, and lemon in her tea.
3. Tom ate a sandwich and drank a glass of milk. (no commas)
4. Tom made a sandwich, poured a glass of milk, and sat down to eat his lunch.
5. Cats and dogs are animals. (no commas)
6. Cows, goats, and horses are farm animals.
7. Giraffes, anteaters, tigers, and kangaroos are wild animals.
8. The river is wide and deep. (no commas)
9. The river is wide, deep, and dangerous.
10. Doctors save lives and relieve suffering. (no commas)
5.2 Put an appropriate conjuction in the blanks. So, the sentences become meaningful.
1. So
2. But
3. Or
4. And
5. But
6. But
7. So
8. Or
9. So
10. So
5.3 Again put an appropriate conjuction in the blanks. So, the sentences become meaningful.
1. And
2. But
3. And
4. Or
5. But
6. Or
7. But
8. And
9. But
10. So
11. Or
12. So
13. Or
14. Q
15. So
16. But
17. And
18. So
19. So
20. And
21. Or
22. And
23. So
24. Or
25. Or
GRAMMAR III
CLASS 2E
Members :
Ajat Yunadi
Feby Kusuma Dewi
Hendriyono
Mega Budi Kartika
Nidia Rahmayani
Answer:
BAB 4
4.2. 1. They gave us a lot of information, most of which was useless.
2. There were a lot of people at the party, I had met only a few of whom before.
3. I have sent him two letters, neither of whom has arrived.
4. Norman won £20.000, he gave half of which his parents.
5. Ten people applied for the job, none og whom were suitable.
6. Tom made a number of suggestions. Most of whom were very helpful.
4.3. 1. This is a photograph which we went on holiday of our friends.
2. The wedding which only members of the family were invited took place last Friday.
3. I'm who very interested in astronomy have just bought some books.
4.4. 2. Jill isn't on the phone, that makes it difficult to contact her.
3. They said they didn't have any money, which was perfectly true.
4. I haven't got a passport, that means I can't leave the country.
5. He offered to let me stay in his house, who was very nice of him.
6. They didn't thank us for the meal before they left, who was very rude of them.
7. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, that makes it difficult to sleep.
BAB 5
5.1. 3. Tom ate a sandwich and drank a glass of milk. (no commas)
4. Tom made a sandwich, poured a glass of milk, and sat down to eat his lunch.
5. Cats and dogs are animals. (no commas)
6. Cows, goats, and horses are farm animals.
7. Giraffes, anteaters, tigers, and kangaroos are wild animals.
8. The river is wide and deep. (no commas)
9. The river is wide, deep, and dangerous.
10. Doctors save lives and relieve suffering. (no commas).
5.2. 1. So
2. But
3. Or
4. And
5. But
6. But
7. So
8. Or
9. So
10. So
5.3. 1. And
2. But
3. And
4. Or
5. But
6. Or
7. Yet
8. And
9. But
10. So
11. Or
12. So
13. Or
14. So
15. Yet
16. And
17. So
18. But
19. So
20. And
21. Or
22. And
23. So
24. But
25. Or
Grammar III
2C
Rahmawati 21090900244
Desi Susilawati 2109090074
Ririn Yuliani
Siti Nurjamilah
Answer :
Part 4
4.1
1. The New stadium which is holds 90,000 people will be opened next month.
2. Jhon who i have known for eight years is one of my closest friends.
3. That man over there whose i dont remember his name is an artist.
4. Opposite our house there is a nice park where there are some beautiful trees.
5. The storm which is nobody had been expect caused a lot of damage.
6. The postman who is nearly always on time was late this morning.
7. We often go to visit our friends in Bristol whice is only 3 miles away.
8. Mr. Edward whose his health hasn't been good recently has gone into hospital for some test.
9. Jack looks much nicer without his beard whic made him look much older.
10. I went to see the doctor who told me to rest for a few days.
11. Thank you for your letter which I was very happy to get it.
12. A friend whose his father is the manager of a company helped me to get a job.
13. Next week-end I'm going to Glasgow where my sister lives.
14. The population of London which was once the largest city in the world is now falling.
15. We spent a pleasent day by the lake where we had a picnic.
4.2
1. They gave us a lot of information, most of which was useless.
2. There were a lot of people at the party, a few of whom I had met before.
3. I have sent him two letters, neither of which has arrived.
4. Norman won 20,000, half of which gave to his parents.
5. Ten people applied for the job, none of whom were suitable.
6. Tom made a number of suggestions, most of which were very helpful.
4.3
1. This is a photograph of our friends , who we went on holiday
2. The wedding, which were invited only members of family took place last friday.
3. I've just bought some books about astronomy which I'm very interested.
4.4
2. Jill isn't on the phone, which make it difficult to contact her
3. they said that didn't have any money, which was perfectlytrue.
4. I haven't got a passport, which mean I can't leave the country.
5. He offered to let me stay in his house, which was very nice of him.
6. They didn't thank us for the meal before they left, which was very rude of them I thought.
7. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, which make it difficult to sleep.
Part 5
5.1
3. No commas
4. Tom made a sandwich, poured a glass of milk, and sat down to eat his lunch.
5. No commas
6. Cows, goat, and horses are farm animal.
7. Giraffes, anteaters, tigers, and kangaroos are wild animal.
8. No commas
9. The river is wide, deep, and dangerous.
10. No commas
5.2
1. So
2. But
3. Or
4. And
5. But
6. But
7. So
8. Or
9. So
10. So
5.3
1. And
2. So
3. And
4. Or
5. So
6. Or
7. But
8. Or
9. But
10. So
11. For
12. So
13. Or
15. And
16. But
17. For
18. So
19. But
20. So
21. And
22. Or
23. And
24. So
25. But
26. Or
Grammar III
2C
Rahmawat
Desi Susilawati
Ririn Yuliani
Siti Nurjamilah
4.2
1. They gave us a lot of information, most of which was useless.
2. They were a lot of people at the party, I had met only a few of whom before.
3. I have sent him two letters, neither of whom has arrived.
4. Norman won ₤ 20.000, he gave half of which to his parents.
5. Ten people applied for the job, none of whom were suitable.
6. Tom made a number of suggestions, most of whom were very helpful.
4.3
1. This is a photograph of our friends, whom we went on holiday.
2. The wedding which only members of the family were invited took place last Friday.
3. I’ve just bought some books about astronomy, which very interested.
4.4
1. She couldn’t come to the party, which was a pity
2. Jill isn’t on the phone, which makes it difficult to contact her.
3. They said they didn’t have any money, which was perfectly true.
4. I haven’t got a passport, which mean I can’t leave the country.
5. We offered to let me stay in his house, who was very nice of him.
6. They didn’t thank us for the meal before they left, who I thought this way very rude of them.
7. The part of town where I live is very noisy at night, which makes it difficult to sleep.
Part 5
5.1
1. no commas
2. My aunt puts milk, sugar, and lemon in her tea.
3. no commas
4. Tom made a sandwich, poured a glass of milk, and sat down to eat his lunch.
5. no commas
6. Cows, goats,and horses are farm animals.
7. Giraffes, anteaters, tigers, and kangaroos are wild animals.
8. no commas
9. The river is wide, deep, and dangerous.
10. no commas
5.2
1. so
2. but
3. and
4. and
5. but
6. but
7. so
8. or
9. so
10. so
5.3
1. for
2. but
3. and
4. so
5. for
6. or
7. but
8. and
9. but
10. so
11. for
12. so
13. or
14. and
15. and
16. but
17. for
18. so
19. but
20. so
21. and
22. or
23. and
24. so
25. but
26. or
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